SIN(α/2) = √((1 - COS(α))/2)
SIN(22.5) = √((1 - COS(45))/2) = √((1 - √2/2)/2) = √(2 - √2)/2
COS(α/2) = √((1 + COS(α))/2)
COS(22.5) = √((1 + COS(45))/2) = √((1 + √2/2)/2) = √(2 + √2)/2
TAN(22.5) = SIN(22.5)/COS(22.5) = √(2 - √2)/2 / (√(2 + √2)/2) = √2 - 1