Da musst du einfach nur die Definitionen einsetzen:
\(sin(x+y)=sin(x)cos(y)+sin(y)cos(x)\)
\(sin(2x)=sin(x+x)=sin(x)cos(x)+sin(x)cos(x)=2sin(x)cos(x)\)
\(sin(x+\frac{\pi}{2})=sin(x)cos(\frac{\pi}{2})+sin(\frac{\pi}{2})cos(x)=cos(x)\), denn \(sin(\frac{\pi}{2})=1, cos(\frac{\pi}{2})=0\)