|p| = |[1, 0, -1]| = √(1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2) = √2
|q| = |[2, -1, 3]| = √(2^2 + 1^2 + 3^2) = √14
|p - 2·q| = |[1, 0, -1] - 2·[2, -1, 3]| = |[1, 0, -1] - [4, -2, 6]| = |[-3, 2, -7]| = √(3^2 + 2^2 + 7^2) = √62
|-p + 1/2·q| = |-[1, 0, -1] + 1/2·[2, -1, 3]| = |[-1, 0, 1] + [1, -0.5, 1.5]| = |[0, -0.5, 2.5]| = √(0^2 + 0.5^2 + 2.5^2) = √6.5