1a)
e 2 x = 5
<=> 2 x = ln ( 5 )
<=> x = ln ( 5 ) / 2 ≈ 0,8047
1b)
3 x - 1 = 4 x
<=> ( 1 / 3 ) 3 x = 4 x
<=> ( 1 / 3 ) = 4 x / 3 x = ( 4 / 3 ) x
<=> ln ( 1 / 3 ) = ln ( ( 4 / 3 ) x ) = x * ln ( 4 / 3 )
<=> x = ln ( 1 / 3 ) / ln ( 4 / 3 )
<=> x = ( ln ( 1 ) - ln ( 3 ) ) / ( ln ( 4 ) - ln ( 3 ) )
<=> x = - ln ( 3 ) / ( ln ( 4 ) - ln ( 3 ) )
x = - 1 / ( ( ln ( 4 ) / ln ( 3 ) ) - 1 ) ≈ - 3,81884
1c)
2 = log x - 3 ( 65 )
<=> ( x - 3 ) 2 = 65
<=> x - 3 = ± √ 65
Da x - 3 nur positiv sein darf:
<=> x - 3 = √ 65
<=> x = √ ( 65 ) + 3
1d)
6 * 3 x = 2 x
<=> 6 = ( 2 / 3 ) x
<=> log ( 6 ) = x * log ( 2 / 3 )
<=> x = log ( 6 ) / log ( 2 / 3 ) ≈ -4,41902
2a)
4 - log 5 ( x + 3 ) = 0
<=> log 5 ( x + 3 ) = 4
<=> x + 3 = 5 ^ 4 = 625
<=> x = 625 - 3 = 622
2b)
y = 4 - log 5 ( x + 3 )
<=> log 5 ( x + 3 ) = 4 - y
<=> x + 3 = 5 4 - y
<=> x = 5 4 - y - 3
Vertauschen der Variablen:
y = f - 1 ( x ) = 5 4 - x - 3
2 c)
5 4 - x - 3 = 0
<=> 5 4 - x = 3
<=> 4 - x = log 5 ( 3 ) = ln ( 3 ) / ln ( 5 )
<=> x = 4 - ( ln ( 3 ) / ln ( 5 ) )
3) Schaffst du alleine, oder?
4a)
N ( 7 ) / N0 = e - λ * 7 * 24
= e - ( ln ( 2 ) / T1/2 ) * 7 * 24
= e - ( ln ( 2 ) / 64 ) * 7 * 24
≈ 0,1621
= 16,21 %
4b)
e - ( ln ( 2 ) / 64 ) * t = 0,3
<=> - ( ln ( 2 ) / 64 ) * t = ln ( 0,3 )
<=> t = ln ( 0,3 ) / - ( ln ( 2 ) / 64 )
<=> t ≈ 111,17 h
5a)
Aus den Angeben ergibt sich folgendes Gleichungssystem:
f ( 7 ) = 19 + T0 * b 7 = 12
f ( 20 ) = 19 + T0 * b 20 = 17
<=>
T0 * b 7 = - 7
T0 * b 20 = - 2
<=>
T0 = - 7 / b 7
- 7 / b 7 * b 20 = - 2
<=>
T0 = - 7 / b 7
b 13 = 2 / 7
<=>
T0 = - 7 / b 7
b = ( 2 / 7 ) 1 / 13 ≈ 0,908131
<=>
T0 = - 7 / b 7
b ≈ 0,908131
<=>
T0 = - 7 / 0,908131 7
b ≈ 0,908131
<=>
T0 ≈ -13,742272
b ≈ 0,908131
Somit lautet die Funktion f :
f ( t ) = 19 - 13,742272 * 0,908131 t
5b)
f ( 0 ) = 19 - 13,742272 * 0,908131 0
= 19 - 13,742272
= 5,257728 ° C
5c)
f ( 30 ) = 19 - 13,742272 * 0,908131 30
≈ 18,24 ° C